Objective
The objective of this Standard is to prescribe the accounting and disclosure for employee benefits. The Standard requires an entity to recognise:
- a liability when an employee has provided service in exchange for employee benefits to be paid in the future; and
- an expense when the entity consumes the economic benefit arising from service provided by an employee in exchange for employee benefits.
Scope
This Standard shall be applied by an employer in accounting for all employee benefits, except those to which IFRS 2 Share-based Payment applies.
Definitions
Definitions of employee benefits
Employee benefits are all forms of consideration given by an entity in exchange for service rendered by employees or for the termination of employment.
Short-term employee benefits are employee benefits (other than termination benefits) that are expected to be settled wholly before twelve months after the end of the annual reporting period in which the employees render the related service.
Post-employment benefits are employee benefits (other than termination benefits and short-term employee benefits) that are payable after the completion of employment.
Other long-term employee benefits are all employee benefits other than short-term employee benefits, post-employment benefits and termination benefits.
Termination benefits are employee benefits provided in exchange for the
termination of an employeeβs employment as a result of either:
- an entityβs decision to terminate an employeeβs employment before the normal retirement date; or
- an employeeβs decision to accept an offer of benefits in exchange for the termination of employment.
Definitions relating to classification of plans
Post-employment benefit plans are formal or informal arrangements under which an entity provides post-employment benefits for one or more employees.
Defined contribution plans are post-employment benefit plans under which an entity pays fixed contributions into a separate entity (a fund) and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further contributions if the fund does not hold sufficient assets to pay all employee benefits relating to employee service in the current and prior periods.
Defined benefit plans are post-employment benefit plans other than defined contribution plans.
Multi-employer plans are defined contribution plans (other than state plans) or defined benefit plans (other than state plans) that:
- pool the assets contributed by various entities that are not under common control; and
- use those assets to provide benefits to employees of more than one entity, on the basis that contribution and benefit levels are determined without regard to the identity of the entity that employs the employees.
Definitions relating to the net defined benefit liability (asset)
The net defined benefit liability (asset) is the deficit or surplus, adjusted for any effect of limiting a net defined benefit asset to the asset ceiling.
The deficit or surplus is:
- the present value of the defined benefit obligation less
- the fair value of plan assets (if any).
The asset ceiling is the present value of any economic benefits available in the form of refunds from the plan or reductions in future contributions to the plan.
The present value of a defined benefit obligation is the present value, without deducting any plan assets, of expected future payments required to settle the obligation resulting from employee service in the current and prior periods.
Plan assets comprise:
- assets held by a long-term employee benefit fund; and
- qualifying insurance policies.
Assets held by a long-term employee benefit fund are assets (other than non-transferable financial instruments issued by the reporting entity) that:
- are held by an entity (a fund) that is legally separate from the reporting entity and exists solely to pay or fund employee benefits; and
- are available to be used only to pay or fund employee benefits, are not available to the reporting entityβs own creditors (even in bankruptcy), and cannot be returned to the reporting entity, unless either:
- the remaining assets of the fund are sufficient to meet all the related employee benefit obligations of the plan or the reporting entity; or
- assets are returned to the reporting entity to reimburse it for employee benefits already paid.
A qualifying insurance policy is an insurance policy1 issued by an insurer that is not a related party (as defined in IAS 24 Related Party Disclosures) of the reporting entity, if the proceeds of the policy:
- can be used only to pay or fund employee benefits under a defined benefit plan; and
- are not available to the reporting entityβs own creditors (even in bankruptcy) and cannot be paid to the reporting entity, unless either:
- the proceeds represent surplus assets that are not needed for the policy to meet all the related employee benefit obligations; or
- the proceeds are returned to the reporting entity to reimburse it for employee benefits already paid.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. (See IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement.)
Definitions relating to defined benefit cost
Service cost comprises:
- current service cost, which is the increase in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from employee service in the current period;
- past service cost, which is the change in the present value of the defined benefit obligation for employee service in prior periods, resulting from a plan amendment (the introduction or withdrawal of, or changes to, a defined benefit plan) or a curtailment (a significant reduction by the entity in the number of employees covered by a plan); and
- any gain or loss on settlement.
Net interest on the net defined benefit liability (asset) is the change during the period in the net defined benefit liability (asset) that arises from the passage of time.
Remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability (asset) comprise:
- actuarial gains and losses;
- the return on plan assets, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability (asset); and
- any change in the effect of the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability (asset).
Actuarial gains and losses are changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from:
- experience adjustments (the effects of differences between the previous actuarial assumptions and what has actually occurred); and
- the effects of changes in actuarial assumptions.
The return on plan assets is interest, dividends and other income derived from the plan assets, together with realised and unrealised gains or losses on the plan assets, less:
- any costs of managing plan assets; and
- any tax payable by the plan itself, other than tax included in the actuarial assumptions used to measure the present value of the defined benefit obligation.
A settlement is a transaction that eliminates all further legal or constructive obligations for part or all of the benefits provided under a defined benefit plan, other than a payment of benefits to, or on behalf of, employees that is set out in the terms of the plan and included in the actuarial assumptions.
Recognition and measurement
When an employee has rendered service to an entity during an accounting period, the entity shall recognise the undiscounted amount of short-term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for that service:
- as a liability (accrued expense), after deducting any amount already paid. If the amount already paid exceeds the undiscounted amount of the benefits, an entity shall recognise that excess as an asset (prepaid expense) to the extent that the prepayment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payments or a cash refund.
- as an expense, unless another IFRS requires or permits the inclusion of the benefits in the cost of an asset (see, for example, IAS 2 Inventories and IAS 16 Property, Plant and Equipment).
Paragraphs 13, 16 and 19 explain how an entity shall apply paragraph 11 to short-term employee benefits in the form of paid absences and profit-sharing and bonus plans.
An entity shall recognise the expected cost of short-term employee benefits in the form of paid absences under paragraph 11 as follows:
- in the case of accumulating paid absences, when the employees render service that increases their entitlement to future paid absences.
- in the case of non-accumulating paid absences, when the absences occur.
When an employee has rendered service to an entity during a period, the entity shall recognise the contribution payable to a defined contribution plan in exchange for that service:
- as a liability (accrued expense), after deducting any contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for service before the end of the reporting period, an entity shall recognise that excess as an asset (prepaid expense) to the extent that the prepayment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payments or a cash refund.
- as an expense, unless another IFRS requires or permits the inclusion of the contribution in the cost of an asset (see, for example, IAS 2 and IAS 16).
Defined benefit plans may be unfunded, or they may be wholly or partly funded by contributions by an entity, and sometimes its employees, into an entity, or fund, that is legally separate from the reporting entity and from which the employee benefits are paid. The payment of funded benefits when they fall due depends not only on the financial position and the investment performance of the fund but also on an entityβs ability, and willingness, to make good any shortfall in the fundβs assets. Therefore, the entity is, in substance, underwriting the actuarial and investment risks associated with the plan. Consequently, the expense recognised for a defined benefit plan is not necessarily the amount of the contribution due for the period.
The ultimate cost of a defined benefit plan may be influenced by many variables, such as final salaries, employee turnover and mortality, employee contributions and medical cost trends. The ultimate cost of the plan is uncertain and this uncertainty is likely to persist over a long period of time. In order to measure the present value of the post-employment benefit obligations and the related current service cost, it is necessary:
- to apply an actuarial valuation method (see paragraphs 67β69);
- to attribute benefit to periods of service (see paragraphs 70β74); and
- to make actuarial assumptions (see paragraphs 75β98).
The fair value of any plan assets is deducted from the present value of the defined benefit obligation in determining the deficit or surplus.
In recognising and measuring the surplus or deficit in an other long-term employee benefit plan, an entity shall apply paragraphs 56β98 and 113β115. An entity shall apply paragraphs 116β119 in recognising and measuring any reimbursement right.
For other long-term employee benefits, an entity shall recognise the net total of the following amounts in profit or loss, except to the extent that another IFRS requires or permits their inclusion in the cost of an asset:
- service cost;
- net interest on the net defined benefit liability (asset) ; and
- remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability (asset).
An entity shall recognise a liability and expense for termination benefits at the earlier of the following dates:
- the entity can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits; and
- when the entity recognises costs for a restructuring that is within the scope of IAS 37 and involves the payment of termination benefits.
An entity shall measure termination benefits on initial recognition, and shall measure and recognise subsequent changes, in accordance with the nature of the employee benefit, provided that if the termination benefits are an enhancement to post-employment benefits, the entity shall apply the requirements for post-employment benefits. Otherwise:
- if the termination benefits are expected to be settled wholly before twelve months after the end of the annual reporting period in which the termination benefit is recognised, the entity shall apply the requirements for short-term employee benefits.
- if the termination benefits are not expected to be settled wholly before twelve months after the end of the annual reporting period, the entity shall apply the requirements for other long-term benefits.
Disclosure
Although this Standard does not require specific disclosures about short-term employee benefits, other IFRSs may require disclosures. For example, IAS 24 requires disclosures about employee benefits for key management personnel. IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements requires disclosure of employee benefits expense.
An entity shall disclose the amount recognised as an expense for defined contribution plans.
An entity shall disclose information that:
- explains the characteristics of its defined benefit plans and risks associated with them;
- identifies and explains the amounts in its financial statements arising from its defined benefit plans ; and
- describes how its defined benefit plans may affect the amount, timing and uncertainty of the entityβs future cash flows
Although this Standard does not require specific disclosures about other long-term employee benefits, other IFRSs may require disclosures. For example, IAS 24 requires disclosures about employee benefits for key management personnel. IAS 1 requires disclosure of employee benefits expense.
Although this Standard does not require specific disclosures about termination benefits, other IFRSs may require disclosures. For example, IAS 24 requires disclosures about employee benefits for key management personnel. IAS 1 requires disclosure of employee benefits expense.